Introduction
Motivation is a key factor for explaining the success or failure of any difficult activity. It is important to forward our attention to the
effectiveness of motivation in learning English language. We know that success in a task is due to the fact that someone is motivated. It is easy in second language learning to state that a learner will be successful with the right motivation. Such claims supported by numerous studies and experiments in human learning. But they never offer a detailed understanding of what motivation is and what the sub components of motivation are. What does it mean to say that someone is motivated? How do we create, promote, and preserve motivation?
All learners, teachers, material developers, and researchers agree that motivation is an important part of mastering a second or foreign language. It is believed that the complexity of the idea of motivation lies in its attempts to elaborate person’s actions on behaviour which cannot be explained by just one approach. The difficulty is not the lack of theories to explain motivation but the plenty of theories and models. Fortunately, there is now a lot of research literature available on the role of motivation in language learning.
Role of Direction and Desire:
Motivation provides learners with an aim and direction to follow. Therefore, it has a key role in language learning. Due to the lack of enough motivation, some difficulties may happen for learners. Without desire to learn, it is very difficult for learners to gain effective learning. It is stated that paying attention to the importance of language will help learners improve their motivation to learn even if they do not have enough intrinsic motivation. It can be stated that teachers should be aware of significance of motivation in learners’ language learning and through some changes they can help learners increase their motivation.
As a matter of fact students are learning a second language for their own satisfaction or desire that helps them to learn better. It is learners‟ intrinsic motivation that influences learners‟ desire to learn. Many of the students are taking language learning as challenge that is also a positive attitude towards language learning. Hence, effectiveness of motivation in learning English language is increasing gradually.
Types of Motivation:
There are four types of motivation: Instrumental, integrative, intrinsic, and extrinsic motivation. The instrumental motivation refers to acquiring a language as a means for obtaining instrumental objectives such as furthering a career, reading technical materials, translation, and so on. The integrative motivation describes learners who want to integrate themselves into the culture of the second language group and become involved in social interchange in that group.
Purpose of the Motivation:
It is noteworthy that students are externally motivated as well. Students want to improve their proficiency in English because they want to get a better job and to make a good impression among the people. Though these are external motivation of learners‟ but it also influences them to learn better. Job market is also simulating the learners‟ motivation to learn English. We get effectiveness of motivation in learning English language once we apply for any job.
Motivation in Classroom:
The class-room atmosphere is now friendly and interactive. Teachers are trying to make the students confident for speaking. Materials are also enjoyable and affective for learning a second language. Some of the students are feeling bored about the materials but the number is not that countable.
Students are now both intrinsically and extrinsically motivated for learning a second language. Students‟ performance in English is better now as they are practicing it by many ways. Formal and informal both contexts are helping them for learning. Teachers-students relationship has to be friendly and interactive. Teachers will inform the purposes or achievement for learning. It may motivate the students to learn better. The teaching material has to be interesting. Teachers can give rewards for specific tasks. That will influence learner to participate in every task. Forcing or pressure demotivates student sometimes.
Teachers need to understand students‟ mental and physical situation as well. Too much pressure or forcing may not let the students to learn more or it may decreases learners‟ interest for learning. Group work/ pair work can be helpful, but it has to be monitored by teachers. Students feel more comfortable to talk with their mates. Students like to participate in this kind of tasks. Teachers can influence learners‟ extrinsic motivation and enhance poorly motivated students. Teachers should use some audio visual aid and new technologies to make the class enjoyable.
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